Paulina Torres Méndez IE School of Economics, Politics & Global Affairs, IE University, Madrid, Spain E-mail: ptorresm.ieu2023@student.ie.edu Abstract The paper finds a notable level of regression in the protections and institutions for upholding women’ s rights can be appreciated in recent years across both developing and developed nations due...

Alejandro Nikolaev Valchinov Department of Politics, Economics and Global Affairs , IE University, Segovia, Spain E-mail: anikolaev.ieu2023@student.ie.edu Abstract This study seeks to explain the impact of the debt-to-GDP ratio in the Spanish economy by performing a time-series regression. The results found are inclusive, highlighting that the debt-to-GDP ratio does...

Sarah Gil Martinez School of Politics, Economics & Foreign Affairs, IE University, Madrid, Spain E-mail: sarahgilm@student.ie.edu Abstract This policy review paper provides an evaluation of the steel, aluminum, and solar tariffs imposed by Trump’s first administration and their respective effects on the US economy. It was motivated by the...

Maria Luiza Hadi El Awar IE University, Law and International Relations, 2028 E-mail: mawar.ieu2023@student.ie.edu Abstract This paper examines the European Union’s approach to migration management, analysing the ineffectiveness of existing policies. It follows the struggle to balance the EU’s supranationality with member states’ sovereignty in determining courses of action with...

Julia Tomasiak School of Law, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland E-mail: tomasiak.julia@gmail.com Abstract Buy Now Pay Later is a financial product that has revolutionised the financial services market, particularly for a retail consumer. This article will look at BNPL products from the perspective of consumer protection, with a particular focus...

Paulette Freixas Rey IE University, PPLE, 2028 E-mail: pfreixas.ieu2024@student.ie.edu Abstract This paper examines the extent of compliance with EU equality principles and legal frameworks concerning LGBTQ+ hate speech and hate crime legislation in Malta and Italy, highlighting the factors contributing to their stark divergence. While Malta has fully integrated...

Caoimhe MacCarthy LL.B. (Pol Sci), Trinity College Dublin, 2025 E-mail: camaccar@tcd.ie Abstract This essay explores the concept of subsidiarity in European Union (EU) environmental law. Subsidiarity, enshrined in Article 5 TEU, delineates the boundaries of the EU’s competencies. The essay argues that subsidiarity is applied as a political tool...

Ella Cunningham Trinity College Dublin, Law, 2026 E-mail: ecunnin3@tcd.ie Abstract This article seeks to evaluate the variation of the protection of trans rights within the European Union. This is done by evaluating the position of trans individuals in the Irish and Hungarian jurisdictions. This research highlights that trans individuals...

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